🇪🇸 Spain

Spain is a country of passionate contrasts - from the artistic energy of Barcelona to the soulful flamenco of Andalusia. Each region has its own distinct culture, cuisine, and customs. Spanish culture revolves around family, food, and festivities, with a relaxed attitude toward time that prioritizes enjoying life's pleasures. The concept of 'sobremesa' (lingering after meals) reflects the Spanish value of savoring experiences over rushing through them.

Siesta Reality: Many shops close 2-5 PM, but restaurants don't open until 9 PM - locals eat dinner at 10 PM. Greeting Culture: Expect two kisses on cheeks, even with strangers in social settings. Tipping: Round up to nearest euro or add 5-10% for good service, not mandatory. Language: 'Por favor' and 'gracias' go far, Catalan in Barcelona region. Timing: August is vacation month - many businesses close, beaches crowded.

Spanish society values relationships and personal connections over efficiency. 'Quedar' (making plans) is flexible - times are suggestions rather than commitments. Family gatherings are sacred, often lasting hours with multiple generations. The evening 'paseo' (stroll) is when communities come alive. Regional pride runs deep - Catalans, Basques, and Andalusians have distinct identities. Flamenco isn't just performance art but emotional expression rooted in Andalusian history, recognized by UNESCO as Intangible Cultural Heritage.

Spring (March-May): Perfect weather, Easter processions, fewer crowds, mild temperatures 15-25°C. Summer (June-August): Hot and crowded, beach season, festivals, temperatures 25-35°C+ inland. Autumn (September-November): Ideal weather returns, harvest season, comfortable temperatures 18-26°C. Winter (December-February): Mild in south, skiing in north, fewer tourists, temperatures 5-15°C. Avoid mid-August when locals vacation.

High-Speed Trains (AVE): Connect major cities efficiently, book online for discounts, preferred over flying domestically. Metro Systems: Madrid and Barcelona have excellent subway networks, buy 10-journey passes for savings. Buses: ALSA connects smaller towns, comfortable and affordable for longer routes. Car Rental: Essential for rural areas and smaller villages, tolls on autopistas. Walking: Spanish cities are walkable, but prepare for late dining and nightlife schedules.

Budget Travel (€30-50/day): Hostels €15-25, menu del día €10-15, local transport €1.50-2, free museums certain hours. Mid-Range (€50-100/day): Mid-range hotels €40-80, restaurant meals €20-35, attractions €5-15, some taxi use. Luxury (€100+/day): Boutique hotels €80-200+, fine dining €50-100+, private transport, premium experiences. Northern cities more expensive than south.

Spanish (Castilian) is universal, but regional languages matter. Essential phrases: 'Por favor' (please), 'Gracias' (thank you), '¿Habla inglés?' (Do you speak English?), 'La cuenta, por favor' (the check, please). In Catalonia, 'Bon dia' (good morning) in Catalan shows respect. Many young people speak English in tourist areas, but effort with Spanish is always appreciated.

Spain is very safe with low violent crime. Watch for pickpockets in tourist areas, especially Barcelona's Las Ramblas and Madrid's metro. Don't leave bags unattended at beach cafés. Avoid political discussions about regional independence. Emergency numbers: 112 (general), 091 (police). Tap water is safe to drink. Pharmacies (farmacias) are widely available for minor health issues.

Euro (€) is the currency. Cards widely accepted, but small tapas bars may be cash-only. ATMs abundant and accept international cards. Typical costs: Coffee €1.20-2, Beer €2-4, Menu del día €10-15, Metro ticket €1.50-2.50, Mid-range hotel €40-80/night. Tipping not mandatory but rounding up or 5-10% for good service is appreciated.