🇮🇩 Indonesia

Indonesia is the world's largest archipelago with over 300 ethnic groups and 700 languages. Indonesian culture centers on 'gotong-royong' (community cooperation), respect for elders, and religious harmony. The national motto 'Bhinneka Tunggal Ika' (unity in diversity) reflects how different cultures coexist. Islam dominates but Hindu, Christian, and indigenous beliefs create rich cultural tapestry. 'Bapakisme' (father figure respect) influences social hierarchies.

Greeting Culture: Use 'Selamat' greetings appropriately - 'Selamat pagi' (good morning), handshakes with slight bow. Religious Respect: Indonesia is 90% Muslim - dress modestly, respect prayer times. Left Hand Taboo: Use right hand for eating, greeting, giving/receiving items. Shoes Off: Remove shoes before entering homes, some restaurants. Time Flexibility: 'Jam karet' (rubber time) means relaxed scheduling.

Indonesian society emphasizes harmony and avoiding confrontation ('saving face'). Extended family networks are central to life - decisions often involve multiple relatives. Javanese culture values indirect communication and emotional restraint. Balinese Hinduism differs significantly from Indian Hinduism. Regional cultures vary dramatically - Batak directness vs. Javanese subtlety vs. Minangkabau matriarchy. Rice is sacred in many cultures - never waste it.

Dry Season (May-September): Best overall weather, clear skies, perfect for island hopping, temperatures 27-32°C. Wet Season (October-April): Heavy afternoon rains, lush landscapes, fewer tourists but some activities limited, 25-30°C. Shoulder Seasons: April-May and September-October offer good weather with fewer crowds. Climate varies dramatically across archipelago - research specific islands.

Domestic Flights: Essential for island hopping, Garuda/Lion Air connect major destinations. Ferries: PELNI ships for adventurous inter-island travel, book cabins early. Buses: Extensive network on major islands, overnight buses common. Ojek: Motorcycle taxis for short distances, Go-Jek app in cities. Bemo/Angkot: Local minibuses, authentic but confusing routes.

Budget Travel (IDR 200,000-400,000/day): Hostels/homestays IDR 50,000-150,000, warung meals IDR 15,000-40,000, local transport IDR 5,000-20,000, free temples and beaches. Mid-Range (IDR 400,000-800,000/day): Hotels IDR 200,000-500,000, restaurant meals IDR 50,000-150,000, attractions IDR 25,000-100,000, some taxis. Luxury (IDR 800,000+/day): Resorts IDR 500,000-3,000,000+, fine dining IDR 200,000-500,000+, private guides, spa treatments.

Bahasa Indonesia is the official language, with 700+ regional languages. Essential phrases: 'Selamat pagi' (good morning), 'Terima kasih' (thank you), 'Permisi' (excuse me), 'Bisa bahasa Inggris?' (Can you speak English?). English common in tourist areas and among educated youth. Javanese, Sundanese, Balinese dominant in respective regions. Learning basic Indonesian shows respect.

Indonesia is generally safe but requires awareness of natural disasters - earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions possible. Petty theft in tourist areas, avoid political demonstrations. Drink bottled water, be cautious with street food initially. Some areas have travel restrictions - check current conditions. Emergency: 112 (police), 118 (ambulance). Medical facilities good in major cities only.

Indonesian Rupiah (IDR) is the currency. ATMs widely available, cards accepted in upscale establishments. Cash essential for local transport and warungs. Typical costs: Nasi gudeg IDR 8,000-20,000, Coffee IDR 5,000-15,000, Ojek ride IDR 10,000-25,000, Budget accommodation IDR 50,000-150,000/night. Tipping not mandatory but appreciated - round up or 5-10% in restaurants.